Its initial focus was on a better means of the identification of learning disabilities (LD), an issue that had been problematic for many years. Response to Intervention is a term that first came to prominence in special education circles in the USA around 2004. The expectation across the education community that general education teachers provide evidence-based instruction and regular progress monitoring is increasingly evident in policy documents, though classroom practice has yet to significantly reflect this change. RTI may be adopted by school systems as a means of providing data demonstrating levels of effectiveness, and a means of providing a direction for schools’ responses to that data. The unsatisfactory national NAPLAN and international PISA assessments are leading to pressure being placed on schools to lift student performance.
In Australia, RTI and MTSS are gradually becoming better known, perhaps due to the increased attention to accountability in recent times. MTSS broadened the focus of RTI beyond academics to include other elements, such as social and emotional supports for struggling students. As yet, they are less well known in general education in Australia. Response to Intervention (RTI) and its subsequent close relative - Multitier System of Supports (MTSS) are popular, if controversial, initiatives developed primarily in the USA.
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Response to Intervention: A viable framework for reducing the attainment gap in literacy?ĭr Kerry Hempenstall, Senior Industry Fellow, School of Education, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.Įach of my articles can be downloaded as a PDF file at
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